否定气候变化对科学界的影响

Climate change denial in public discourse¹ may encourage climate scientists to over-emphasise scientific uncertainty² and is also affecting how they themselves speak -- and perhaps even think -- about their own research, a new study from the University of Bristol, UK argues. Professor Stephan Lewandowsky, from Bristol's School of Experimental Psychology³ and the Cabot Institute, and colleagues from Harvard University and three institutions in Australia show how the language used by people who oppose the scientific consensus⁴ on climate change has seeped⁵ into scientists' discussion of the alleged⁶ recent 'hiatus' or 'pause' in global warming, and has thereby⁷ unwittingly reinforced a misleading message.   The idea that 'global warming has stopped' has been promoted in contrarian blogs and media articles for many years, and ultimately the idea of a 'pause' or 'hiatus' has become ensconced in the scientific literature, including in the latest assessment⁸ report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).   Multiple lines of evidence indicate that global warming continues unabated, which implies that talk of a 'pause' or 'hiatus' is misleading. Recent warming has been slower than the long term trend, but this fluctuation⁹ differs little from past fluctuations¹⁰ in warming rate, including past periods of more rapid than average warming. Crucially, on previous occasions when decadal warming was particularly rapid, the scientific community did not give short-term climate variability the attention it has now received, when decadal warming was slower. During earlier rapid warming there was no additional research effort directed at explaining 'catastrophic' warming. By contrast, the recent modest decrease in the rate of warming has elicited¹¹ numerous articles and special issues of leading journals.   This asymmetry¹² in response to fluctuations in the decadal warming trend likely reflects what the study's authors call the 'seepage¹³' of contrarian claims into scientific work.   Professor Lewandowsky said: "It seems reasonable to conclude that the pressure of climate contrarians has contributed, at least to some degree, to scientists re-examining their own theory, data and models, even though all of them permit -- indeed, expect -- changes in the rate of warming over any arbitrarily chosen period."