原子的声音

Researchers at Chalmers University of Technology are first to show the use of sound to communicate with an artificial atom. They can thereby¹ demonstrate phenomena² from quantum physics with sound taking on the role of light. The results will be published in the journal Science.   The interaction between atoms and light is well known and has been studied extensively in the field of quantum optics. However, to achieve the same kind of interaction with sound waves has been a more challenging undertaking³. The Chalmers researchers have now succeeded in making acoustic⁴ waves couple to an artificial atom. The study was done in collaboration⁵ between experimental and theoretical physicists⁶.   "We have opened a new door into the quantum world by talking and listening to atoms," says Per Delsing, head of the experimental research group. "Our long term goal is to harness quantum physics so that we can benefit from its laws, for example in extremely fast computers. We do this by making electrical circuits which obey quantum laws, that we can control and study."   An artificial atom is an example of such a quantum electrical circuit. Just like a regular atom, it can be charged up with energy which it subsequently emits in the form of a particle. This is usually a particle of light, but the atom in the Chalmers experiment is instead designed to both emit and absorb energy in the form of sound.   "According to the theory, the sound from the atom is divided into quantum particles," says Martin Gustafsson, the article's first author. "Such a particle is the weakest sound that can be detected."   Since sound moves much slower than light, the acoustic atom opens entire new possibilities for taking control over quantum phenomena.   "Due to the slow speed of sound, we will have time to control the quantum particles while they travel" says Martin Gustafsson. "This is difficult to achieve with light, which moves 100,000 times more quickly."