天然气开采对公众健康的影响

Groundwater and air quality testing before, during, and after natural gas drilling -- which includes hydraulic¹ fracturing -- should be key components² of efforts to ensure the safety of communities near these sites, according to an expert panel convened³（召集） to weigh in on public health research needs associated with unconventional natural gas drilling operations (UNGDO). The panel also urges that any research conducted should use "community-based participatory research principles" so that the concerns of the many stakeholders involved in these activities can be addressed. A group of environmental health researchers, led by Trevor Penning, PhD, director of the Center of Excellence⁴ in Environmental Toxicology (CEET) at the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, published their findings this month in Environmental Health Perspectives.   UNGDO, which includes hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling, supplies an energy source which is potentially cleaner than liquid or solid fossil fuels and may provide a route to energy independence for the U.S, say proponents⁵（支持者）. However, significant concerns have arisen due to the lack of research on the public health impact of this type of energy extraction.   "The working group was convened following presentations on the potential of natural gas drilling to adversely⁶ affect public health at the 2012 Annual Environmental Health Sciences Core Centers [EHSCC] meeting at Harvard School of Public Health," states Penning.   Sixteen of the twenty EHSCCs funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) joined the working group to review the literature on the potential public health impact of UNGDO and to make recommendations for research.   The Inter-EHSCC Working Group concluded that a potential for water and air pollution exists that might endanger public health and that the social fabric⁷ of communities could be affected⁸ by the rapid emergence⁹ of drilling operations. The working group recommends research to inform how potential risks could be mitigated¹⁰.