量化气候变化在欧洲的影响

If no further action is taken and global temperature increases by 3.5°C, climate damages in the EU could amount to at least €190 billion, a net welfare loss of 1.8% of its current GDP. Several weather-related extremes could roughly double their average frequency. As a consequence, heat-related deaths could reach about 200,000, the cost of river flood damages could exceed €10 billion and 8000 km2 of forest could burn in southern Europe. The number of people affected¹ by droughts could increase by a factor of seven and coastal² damage, due to sea-level rise, could more than triple. These economic assessments³ are based on scenarios⁴ where the climate expected by the end of the century (2080s) occurs in the current population and economic landscape. These are just some of the findings of a new report by the European Commission's in-house science service, the Joint⁵ Research Centre, which has analysed the impacts of climate change in 9 different sectors⁶: agriculture, river floods, coasts, tourism, energy, droughts, forest fires, transport infrastructure⁷ and human health. The report also includes a pilot study on habitat suitability of forest tree species.   Connie Hedegaard, European Commissioner⁸ for Climate Action said: "No action is clearly the most expensive solution of all. Why pay for the damages when we can invest in reducing our climate impacts and becoming a competitive low-carbon economy? Taking action and taking a decision on the 2030 climate and energy framework in October, will bring us just there and make Europe ready for the fight against climate change.   Expected biophysical impacts (such as agriculture yields, river floods, transport infrastructure losses) have been integrated into an economic model in order to assess the implications in terms of household welfare. Premature⁹ mortality accounts for more than half of the overall welfare losses (€120 billion), followed by impacts on coasts (€42 billion) and agriculture (€18 billion).   The results also confirm the geographically¹⁰ unbalanced distribution of climate change related damages. For the purpose of this study, the European Union is divided into 5 regions. What the study identifies as southern Europe and central Europe south (see background for details) would bear most of the burden (- 70%), whereas the northern Europe region would experience the lowest welfare losses (- 1%), followed by the UK and Ireland region (- 5%) and central Europe North (- 24%).