科研领域出现赢家通吃的局面

As new research documents growing inequalities in health and wealth, the gap between "haves" and "have-nots" is growing in the field of scientific research itself, says University of Michigan sociologist¹ Yu Xie. "It's surprising that more attention has not been paid to the large, changing inequalities in the world of scientific research, given the preoccupation（全神贯注，当务之急） with rising social and economic inequality in many countries," said Xie, research professor at the U-M Institute for Social Research and professor of sociology, statistics and public policy.   The forces of globalization and internet technology have altered the intensities² and mechanisms³ of the basic structure of inequalities in science, he points out.   In fact, Xie says, scientific outputs and rewards are much more unequally distributed than other outcomes of well-being⁴ such as education, earnings⁵ or health.   The rich get richer, he says, with eminent⁶（杰出的） scientists receiving disproportionately greater recognition and rewards than lesser-known scientists for comparable contributions.   "As a result, a talented few can parlay（使增值） early successes into resources for future successes, accumulating advantages over time," Xie said.   While the academic establishment defends these inequalities in a variety of ways, Xie observes that in the long run, resources and rewards must be allocated⁷ so that inequality is properly managed and controlled.   "Although inequality may incentivize scientists to make important scientific discoveries, it is especially important to invest sufficient resources in young scientists before they gain recognition," he said.   Xie's study is published in the current issue of Science. In addition to his other appointments at U-M, Xie is affiliated⁸ with the U-M Center for Chinese Studies and the Peking University Center for Social Research in Beijing.