统计测试有利于复杂疾病的基因研究

The power of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to detect genetic¹ influences on human disease can be substantially increased using a statistical² testing framework reported in the May issue of the journal GENETICS. Despite the proliferation of GWAS, the associations found so far have largely failed to account for the known effects of genes³ on complex disease -- the problem of "missing heritability." Standard approaches also struggle to find combinations of multiple genes that affect disease risk in complex ways (known as genetic interactions).   The new framework enhances the ability to detect genetic associations and interactions by taking advantage of data from other genomic studies of the same population. Such information is increasingly abundant for many human populations.   The authors demonstrated that their method improves performance over standard approaches. They also re-examined real GWAS data to find promising⁴ new candidates for genetic interactions that affect bipolar disorder⁵, coronary artery⁶（冠状动脉） disease, Crohn's disease, and rheumatoid arthritis⁷（风湿性关节炎）.   "We think practically everyone who's ever done a case-control GWAS could benefit from reanalyzing their data in this way," said author Saharon Rosset, associate professor of statistics at Tel Aviv University.   "This paper offers a significant advance in mapping genes involved in disease. The approach makes use of available data to substantially improve the ability to identify genetic components⁸ of disease," said Mark Johnston, Editor-in-Chief of the journal GENETICS.