双足啮齿动物的沙漠生存技巧

Researchers have found that bipedal（两足动物的） desert rodents¹ manage to compete with their quadrupedal（四足的） counterparts by using a diverse set of jumps, hops² and skips. A new study, to be presented at the Society for Experimental Biology meeting in Valencia on July 6, suggests that it is this unpredictable movement that allows the bipedal rodents to coexist in Old World deserts with quadrupedal rodents. Research headed by Talia Moore at Harvard University analysed, for the first time, jerboas' bipedal locomotion³. She said: "Bipedal jerboas and quadrupedal jirds share the same habitat, predators⁵, food source, and active hours. It appears that their different forms of locomotion（运动，旅行） create differing predator⁴ evasion⁶ abilities, allowing jerboas to forage⁷ further from their burrows⁸, thus limiting interspecific competition. In this way these Old World desert rodents can occupy different niches⁹."   The researchers found that bipedal desert rodents move with highly unpredictable trajectories¹⁰, while sympatric quadrupedal desert rodents move in much more predictable trajectories.   This study involved using inverse¹¹ dynamics¹² to calculate the forces exerted by bipedal jerboas when jumping vertically¹³, as well as the relative contributions of individual muscles and tendons（肌腱） to the jump.   The researchers collected trajectories of bipedal jerboas and sympatric quadrupedal jirds in the field to quantify the maximum performance and predictability of the escape behaviour of these species in natural conditions.   The Concord¹⁴ Field Station at the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary¹⁵ Biology at Harvard University is the only breeding colony of jerboas（跳鼠） in the US, and has the only jerboa colony specifically for scientific research in the world.