研究小组将皮肤细胞转化为胚胎干细胞

Scientists at Oregon Health & Science University and the Oregon National Primate¹ Research Center (ONPRC) have successfully reprogrammed human skin cells to become embryonic² stem cells capable of transforming into any other cell type in the body. It is believed that stem cell therapies hold the promise of replacing cells damaged through injury or illness. Diseases or conditions that might be treated through stem cell therapy include Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis（多发性硬化）, cardiac disease and spinal³ cord injuries. The research breakthrough, led by Shoukhrat Mitalipov, Ph.D., a senior scientist at ONPRC, follows previous success in transforming monkey skin cells into embryonic stem cells in 2007. This latest research will be published in the journal Cell online May 15 and in print June 6.   The technique used by Drs. Mitalipov, Paula Amato, M.D., and their colleagues in OHSU's Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility⁴, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, is a variation of a commonly used method called somatic cell nuclear transfer, or SCNT. It involves transplanting the nucleus⁵ of one cell, containing an individual's DNA⁶, into an egg cell that has had its genetic⁷ material removed. The unfertilized egg cell then develops and eventually produces stem cells.   "A thorough examination of the stem cells derived⁸ through this technique demonstrated their ability to convert just like normal embryonic stem cells, into several different cell types, including nerve cells, liver cells and heart cells. Furthermore, because these reprogrammed cells can be generated with nuclear genetic material from a patient, there is no concern of transplant rejection," explained Dr. Mitalipov. "While there is much work to be done in developing safe and effective stem cell treatments, we believe this is a significant step forward in developing the cells that could be used in regenerative medicine."