市场经济侵蚀道德价值观

Many people express objections against child labor¹, exploitation of the workforce² or meat production involving cruelty against animals. At the same time, however, people ignore their own moral standards when acting³ as market participants, searching for the cheapest electronics, fashion or food. Thus, markets reduce moral concerns. This is the main result of an experiment conducted by economists⁴ from the Universities of Bonn and Bamberg. The  results are presented in the latest issue of the journal Science.   Prof. Dr. Armin Falk from the University of Bonn and Prof. Dr. Nora Szech from the University of Bamberg, both economists, have shown in an experiment that markets erode⁵ moral concerns. In comparison to non-market decisions, moral standards are significantly lower if people participate in markets.   "Our results show that market participants violate their own moral standards," says Prof. Falk. In a number of different experiments, several hundred subjects were confronted with the moral decision between receiving a monetary⁶ amount and killing⁷ a mouse versus⁸ saving the life of a mouse and foregoing the monetary amount. "It is important to understand what role markets and other institutions play in moral decision making. This is a question economists have to deal with," says Prof. Szech.   "To study immoral⁹ outcomes, we studied whether people are willing to harm a third party in exchange to receiving money. Harming others in an intentional¹⁰ and unjustified way is typically considered unethical," says Prof. Falk. The animals involved in the study were so-called "surplus mice," raised in laboratories outside Germany. These mice are no longer needed for research purposes. Without the experiment, they would have all been killed. As a consequence of the study many hundreds of young mice that would otherwise all have died were saved. If a subject decided¹¹ to save a mouse, the experimenters bought the animal. The saved mice are perfectly¹² healthy and live under best possible lab conditions and medical care.