山松甲虫基因组被成功解码

The genome of the mountain pine beetle¹ -- the insect that has devastated² B.C.'s lodgepole pine（美国黑松） forests -- has been decoded³ by researchers at the University of British Columbia and Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre. This is a first for the mountain pine beetle and only the second beetle genome ever sequenced. The first was the red flour beetle, a pest of stored grains. The genome is described in a study published Tuesday in the journal Genome Biology.   "We know a lot about what the beetles⁴ do," says Christopher Keeling, a research associate in Prof. Joerg Bohlmann's lab at the Michael Smith Laboratories. "But without the genome, we don't know exactly how they do it."   "Sequencing the mountain pine beetle genome provides new information that can be used to help manage the epidemic⁵ in the future."   The genome revealed large variation among individuals of the species -- about four times greater than the variation among humans.   "As the beetles' range expands and as they head into jack⁶ pine forests where the defensive⁷ compounds may be different, this variation could allow them to be more successful in new environments," says Keeling.   Researchers isolated⁸ genes¹⁰ that help detoxify defence compounds found under the bark of the tree -- where the beetles live. They also found genes that degrade plant cell walls, which allow the beetles to get nutrients¹¹ from the tree.   Keeling, Bohlmann and their colleagues also uncovered a bacterial¹² gene⁹ that has jumped into the mountain pine beetle genome. This gene codes for an enzyme¹³ that digests sugars.   "It might be used to digest woody tissue and/or the microorganisms that grow in the beetle's tunnels underneath¹⁴ the bark of the tree," said Keeling. "Gene transfers sometimes make organisms more successful in their environments."   This study involved researchers from the University of Northern British Columbia and the University of Alberta.