船舶噪声影响螃蟹新陈代谢

A new study published in Biology Letters found that ship noise affects crab¹ metabolism²（新陈代谢）, with largest crabs³ faring worst, and found little evidence that crabs acclimatise（适应，习惯） to noise over time. The team from the Universities of Bristol and Exeter found that crabs exposed to recordings⁴ of ship noise showed an increase in metabolic⁵ rate, indicating elevated stress. In the real world this could have implications for growth and, if the metabolic cost of noise causes crabs to spend more time foraging⁶ to compensate⁷, could also increase the risk of predation（捕食，掠夺）.   Researcher Matt Wale from Bristol's School of Biological Sciences describes the study: "We used controlled experiments to consider how shore crabs of different sizes respond to both single and repeated exposure to playback of ship noise. Ship noise is the most common source of noise in the aquatic⁸ environment."   Explains Dr Andy Radford, Reader in Behavioural Ecology at Bristol: "We found that the metabolic rate of crabs exposed to ship noise was higher than those experiencing ambient（周围的，外界的） harbour noise, and that larger individuals were affected⁹ most strongly. This is the first indication that there might be different responses to noise depending on the size of an individual."   If commercially important crabs and lobsters¹⁰ are affected by noise, these findings have implications for fisheries in busy shipping¹¹ areas where large individuals may be losing out. Conversely, if reducing noise reduces metabolic costs, then quietening aquaculture（水产业） facilities may lead to higher yields.   Dr Steve Simpson from the University of Exeter warned: "Since larger crabs are affected more strongly by noise this could have implications for fisheries in noisy areas. Also, many crustacean¹² species, particularly prawns¹³, are grown in aquaculture, so if acoustic¹⁴ disturbance¹⁵ has a metabolic cost then operational noise in farms may impact on growth, and quieter farms may be more profitable."