气候变化影响美国沿海社会经济体系

According to a new technical report, the effects of climate change will continue to threaten the health and vitality¹ of U.S. coastal² communities' social, economic and natural systems. The report, Coastal Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerabilities: a technical input³ to the 2013 National Climate Assessment⁴, authored by leading scientists and experts, emphasizes the need for increased coordination⁵ and planning to ensure U.S. coastal communities are resilient against the effects of climate change.   The recently released report examines and describes climate change impacts on coastal ecosystems⁶ and human economies and communities, as well as the kinds of scientific data, planning tools and resources that coastal communities and resource managers need to help them adapt to these changes.   "Sandy showed us that coastal states and communities need effective strategies, tools and resources to conserve⁷, protect, and restore coastal habitats and economies at risk from current environmental stresses and a changing climate," said Margaret A. Davidson of NOAA's Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management and co-lead author of the report. "Easing the existing pressures on coastal environments to improve their resiliency is an essential method of coping with the adverse⁸ effects（不良影响） of climate change."   A key finding in the report is that all U.S. coasts are highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change such as sea-level rise, erosion, storms and flooding, especially in the more populated low-lying parts of the U.S. coast along the Gulf⁹ of Mexico, Mid-Atlantic, northern Alaska, Hawaii, and island territories. Another finding indicated the financial risks associated with both private and public hazard insurance are expected to increase dramatically.   "An increase in the intensity¹⁰ of extreme weather events such as storms like Sandy and Katrina, coupled with sea-level rise and the effects of increased human development along the coasts, could affect the sustainability of many existing coastal communities and natural resources," said Virginia Burkett of the U.S. Geological Survey and co-lead author of the report.