小丑鱼发声来建立维持繁殖状况

Clownfish produce sounds to establish and defend their breeding status in social groups, but not to attract mates, according to research published November 7 in the open access journal PLOS ONE by Orphal Colleye and colleagues from the University of Liege, Belgium. Previous studies showed that clownfish live in unique social groups, where the largest fish develops as a female, the second-largest is male, and the rest of the group remains¹ gender² neutral. If the largest fish dies, the rest of the group moves up a rank to replace the female and male.   This new research studies the importance of sounds made by the fish in this social structure, and finds that clownfish sounds are of two main kinds: aggressive calls made by charging and chasing fish, and sounds made by submissive（顺从的） fish. The authors also found that smaller fish produced shorter, higher frequency pulses of sound than larger fish.   According to the authors, these acoustic³ signals are especially significant for clownfish given the size-based hierarchy⁴（层级，等级） of their social structure.