裸鼹鼠研究对缓解疼痛有一定启发

Naked mole-rats evolved to thrive in an acidic environment that other mammals, including humans, would find intolerable. Researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago report new findings as to how these rodents¹ have adapted to this environment. The study was published online this week on PLOS ONE.   In the tightly crowded burrows²（地洞） of the African naked mole-rats' world, carbon dioxide builds up to levels that would be toxic³ for other mammals, and the air becomes highly acidic. These animals freely tolerate these unpleasant conditions, says Thomas Park, professor of biological sciences at UIC and principal investigator⁴ of the study -- which may offer clues to relieving pain in other animals and humans.   Much of the lingering（拖延的） pain of an injury, for example, is caused by acidification of the injured tissue, Park said.   "Acidification is an unavoidable side-effect of injury," he said. "Studying an animal that feels no pain from an acidified environment should lead to new ways of alleviating⁵ pain in humans."   In the nose of a mammal, specialized⁶ nerve fibers⁷ are activated⁸ by acidic fumes⁹, stimulating¹⁰ the trigeminal（三叉神经的） nucleus¹¹, a collection of nerves in the brainstem, which in turn elicits¹² physiological¹⁴ and behavioral responses that protect the animal -- it will secrete¹⁵ mucus and rub its nose, for example, and withdraw or avoid the acidic fumes.   The researchers placed naked mole-rats in a system of cages in which some areas contained air with acidic fumes. The animals were allowed to roam freely, and the time they spent in each area was tracked. Their behavior was compared to laboratory rats, mice, and a closely related mole-rat species that likes to live in comfy（舒服的） conditions, as experimental controls.   The naked mole-rats spent as much time exposing themselves to acidic fumes as they spent in fume-free areas, Park said. Each control species avoided the fumes.   The researchers were able to quantify the physiologic¹³ response to exposure to acidic fumes by measuring a protein, c-Fos, an indirect marker of nerve activity that is often expressed when nerve cells fire. In naked mole-rats, no such activity was found in the trigeminal nucleus when stimulated¹⁶. In rats and mice, however, the trigeminal nucleus was highly activated.   The naked mole-rats' tolerance^{17#p#分页标题#e#} of acidic fumes is consistent with their adaptation to living underground in chronically¹⁸ acidic conditions, Park said.   The study was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. Pamela LaVinka, graduate student in biological sciences at UIC, was first author on the study.