应对城市热岛效应的折衷方法

A team of researchers from Arizona State University have found that warming resulting from megapolitan expansion is seasonally² dependent, with greatest warming occurring during summer and least during winter. Among the most practical ways to combat urbanization-induced warming -- the painting of building's roofs white -- was found to disrupt regional hydroclimate（水文气候）, highlighting the need for evaluation³ of tradeoffs（权衡） associated with combating urban heat islands (UHI). "We found that raising the reflectivity of buildings by painting their roofs white is an effective way of reducing higher average temperatures caused by urban expansion," said Matei Georgescu, an assistant professor in ASU's School of Geographical⁴ Sciences and Urban Planning. "However, increased reflectivity also modifies hydroclimatic processes and, in the case of the 'Sun Corridor,' can lead to a significant reduction of rainfall. Our maximum Sun Corridor expansion scenario⁵ leads to a 12% reduction in rainfall, averaged across the entire state. Painting roofs white leads to an additional 4% reduction in rainfall."   The research is presented in the paper, "Seasonal¹ hydroclimatic impacts of Sun Corridor expansion," published in the Sept. 7, 2012 issue of Environmental Research Letters. Georgescu, the lead author of the paper, is joined by Alex Mahalov, The Wilhoit Foundation Dean's Distinguished⁶ Professor in the School of Mathematical and Statistical⁷ Sciences at ASU, and Mohamed Moustaoui, an associate professor in ASU's School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences.   The paper focuses on Arizona's Sun Corridor, the most rapidly growing megapolitan area in the United States. Located in a semi-arid environment, the Sun Corridor is composed of four metropolitan⁸ areas: Phoenix⁹, Tucson, Prescott and Nogales. With a population projection¹⁰ expected to exceed 9 million people by 2040, the rapidly expanding megapolitan offers the opportunity to identify tradeoffs focused on sustainable expansion of the built environment.   The authors utilized¹¹ 2050 projections¹² of Sun Corridor growth developed by the Maricopa Association of Governments (MAG), the regional agency for metropolitan Phoenix that provides long-range and sustainably oriented planning. They conducted continuous multi-year, multi-member, continental¹³ scale numerical experiments for several 2050 Sun Corridor growth and adaptation scenarios¹⁴ and compared results with a modern day Sun Corridor representation.   "For a maximum expansion scenario, we find greatest warming to occur during summer, in excess of 1 degree C (1.8 degrees F) when averaged over the entire state of Arizona. Warming remains#p#分页标题#e#¹⁵ considerable during both spring and fall seasons, approaching 0.9 C. For a minimum expansion scenario, the consistent theme of maximum warming during summer with reduced, although still significant, warming during spring and fall seasons persists," Georgescu added.