科学家发明人造珠母贝

Mimicking¹ the way mother of pearl is created in nature, scientists have for the first time synthesized the strong, iridescent²（彩虹色的） coating found on the inside of some molluscs（软体动物） . The research was published July 24 in the journal Nature Communications.   Nacre, also called mother of pearl, is the iridescent coating that is found on the inside of some molluscs and on the outer coating of pearls. By recreating the biological steps that form nacre in molluscs, the scientists were able to manufacture a material which has a similar structure, mechanical behavior, and optical appearance of that found in nature.   In order to create the artificial nacre, the scientists followed three steps. First, they had to take preventative measure to ensure the calcium³ carbonate, which is the primary component⁴ of nacre, does not crystallize when precipitating⁵ from the solution. This is done by using a mixture of ions and organic components⁶ in the solution that mimics⁷ how molluscs control this. The precipitate⁸ can then be adsorbed to surfaces, forming layers of well-defined thickness.   Next, the precipitate layer is covered by an organic layer that has 10-nm wide pores, which is done in a synthetic⁹ procedure invented by co-author Alex Finnemore. Finally, crystallization is induced, and all steps are repeated to create a stack of alternating crystalline（透明的） and organic layers.   Professor Ulli Steiner, of the Department of Physics' Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, said: "Crystals have a characteristic shape that reflects their atomic structure, and it is very difficult to modify this shape. Nature is, however, able to do this, and through our research we were able to gain insight into how it grows these materials. Essentially¹⁰, we have created a new recipe for mother of pearl using nature's cookbook."   Alex Finnemore, also of the Department of Physics' Cavendish Laboratory, said: "While many composite engineering materials outperform nacre, its synthesis entirely¹¹ at ambient temperatures in an aqueous environment, as well as its cheap ingredients, may make it interesting for coating applications. Once optimized¹², the process is simple and can easily be automated¹³."