气候变化导致英国蝴蝶产生进化

As global temperatures rise and climatic zones move polewards, species will need to find different environments to prevent extinction¹. New research, recently published in the journal Molecular² Ecology, has revealed that climate change is causing certain species to move and adapt to a range of new habitats. The study, led by academics at the Universities of Bristol and Sheffield, aimed to understand the role of evolution in helping³ a species to successfully track ongoing⁴ climate change.

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With climate warming many species are moving further north in the UK, however, this may mean crossing a landscape with increasingly less of their preferred habitat. Evolutionary⁵ change in the ability to use geographically⁶ widespread habitats or increased ability to move longer distances can help species to track the warming climate and move northwards.

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The Brown Argus butterfly is successfully expanding its distribution northwards in the UK and uses a range of distinct habitats. Using genetic⁷ techniques to detect evolutionary change, the researchers were able to show that the colonisation of new sites further north by the Brown Argus has involved significant adaptation during or following colonisation. #

Furthermore, the results suggest that populations of the Brown Argus are adapted to different habitats and that pre-existing variation in habitat preference between populations has been important in allowing the colonisation of new habitats. #

James Buckley, one of the researchers from the University's School of Biological Sciences, said: "To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to identify genetic evidence for evolutionary change associated with range shifts driven by recent climate change." #

The Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)-funded study found that evolutionary change is likely to affect the success of species' responses to climate change and that maximising genetic variation in ecological⁸ traits (such as habitat preference) across species' distributions should help species to move northwards and track the changing climate across a fragmented（成碎片的） landscape. #

James added: "These findings are important as understanding the likelihood and speed of such adaptive change is important in determining the rate of species extinction with ongoing climate change." #