科学家研究出环境化学物质安全预测新方法

Baylor University environmental researchers have proposed in a new study a different approach to predict the environmental safety of chemicals by using data from other similar chemicals. For many chemicals in use every day, scientists do not have enough information to understand all of the effects on the environment and human health. In response to this, the European Union enacted¹ the REACH regulation, which places greater responsibility on industry to manage the risks from chemicals and to provide safety information on the substances（物质） . The Registration², Evaluation³, Authorisation and Restriction⁴ of Chemical Substances (REACH) regulation was enacted in 2006 and requires manufacturers and importers to gather information on the properties of their chemical substances and to register the information in a central database. Regulators say the goal of REACH is to improve the protection of human health and the environment through better and earlier identification of the harmful properties of chemical substances.

In the Baylor study, researchers suggest using data from other chemicals, such as what concentrations can cause toxicity⁵ in aquatic⁶（水生的） organisms to predict the toxicity of another chemical that scientists expect causes toxicity in the same way. #

"This study proposes one approach to advance the three R's of sustainability -- reduce, replace, refine -- for studying biological impacts of chemicals in the environment," said study co-author Dr. Bryan Brooks⁷, associate professor of environmental science and biomedical（生物医学的） studies and director of environmental health science at Baylor. "Identifying, testing and implementing⁸ new approaches to leverage⁹（手段，影响力） available information to support better environmental decision-making remains¹⁰ a critical need around the world." #

Baylor researchers used statistical¹¹ and mathematical techniques called chemical toxicity distributions to understand the relative potency¹² of two groups of chemicals. They then used these findings to develop environmental safety values, which they hope will help determine the environmental impacts of chemical substances without unnecessary testing on animals. #

"The biggest hurdle¹³ we face when protecting public health and the environment is the general lack of information," said study co-author Dr. Spencer Williams, a research scientist at Baylor. "The approach we propose should help prioritize the selection of chemicals and organisms for additional safety assessments#p#分页标题#e#¹⁴. Instead of having to test similar chemicals on many organisms over and over again, scientists could estimate safety levels using fewer tests, which could be more efficient without compromising environmental safety." #

The study appears online in the journal Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. #