美宇航局排除暗能量备用性质理论

Astronomers¹ using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope have ruled out（排除，取消） an alternate theory on the nature of dark energy after recalculating the expansion rate of the universe to unprecedented² accuracy. The universe appears to be expanding at an increasing rate. Some believe that is because the universe is filled with a dark energy that works in the opposite way of gravity. One alternative to that hypothesis is that an enormous bubble of relatively³ empty space eight billion light-years across surrounds our galactic（银河的） neighborhood. If we lived near the center of this void, observations of galaxies⁴ being pushed away from each other at accelerating speeds would be an illusion.

This hypothesis has been invalidated（无效） because astronomers have refined their understanding of the universe's present expansion rate. Adam Riess of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) and Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Md., led the research. The Hubble observations were conducted by the SHOES (Supernova Ho for the Equation of State) team that works to refine the accuracy of the Hubble constant to a precision that allows for a better characterization of dark energy's behavior. The observations helped determine a figure for the universe's current expansion rate to an uncertainty⁵ of just 3.3 percent. The new measurement reduces the error margin⁶ by 30 percent over Hubble's previous best measurement of 2009. Riess' results appear in the April 1 issue of The Astrophysical Journal. #

The value for the expansion rate is 73.8 kilometers per second per megaparsec. It means that for every additional million parsecs (3.26 million light-years) a galaxy⁷ is from Earth, the galaxy appears to be traveling 73.8 kilometers per second faster away from us. #

Every decrease in uncertainty of the universe's expansion rate helps solidify⁸ our understanding of its cosmic ingredients（材料，作料） . Knowing the precise value of the universe's expansion rate further restricts the range of dark energy's strength and helps astronomers tighten⁹ up their estimates of other cosmic properties, including the universe's shape and its roster¹⁰ of neutrinos（中微子） , or ghostly particles, that filled the early universe. #

"We are using the new camera on Hubble like a policeman's radar¹¹ gun to catch the universe speeding," Riess said. "It looks more like it's dark energy that's pressing on the gas pedal."

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